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Risk factors, warning signs of suicideFree Access

Ask the Experts


Q: What are the signs to watch for that someone might be suicidal and what should one do if they are concerned?

A: According to the CDC, suicide is the 10th leading cause of death in the United States and from a 2019 report, 12 million American adults seriously thought about suicide, while a quarter of those made an attempt. Research from the American Association of Suicidology found that 40 to 50 percent of the population have been exposed to suicide in their lifetime.

If you are concerned about an individual in your life, the best course of action is to ask them directly. Use the word “suicide” and share your concern, as in, “I’ve noticed you seem to be struggling lately. Have you had thoughts of suicide?” By asking and saying the word “suicide,” you give the person permission to talk about it with you. While this may not be the case for every person experiencing suicide, research has informed and supported this approach.

The American Foundation for Suicide Prevention lists the following as some of the risk factors for suicide:

Mental health and illnesses such as depression, anxiety, bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, conduct disorders and substance use disorders;

Serious physical health conditions, including pain and traumatic brain injury;

Prolonged exposure to stress (a recent loss or threat of a loss);

Exposure to another person’s suicide; or

Personal history of abuse and past suicide attempt.

AFSP also lists the following as some possible warning signs:

Dramatic change in behavior;

Isolation;

Change in sleeping, either too much or too little; or

Talking about feeling like a burden, hopeless, helpless, feeling trapped.

It’s important to remember these lists are guides and what’s most important is if you feel concerned or are questioning, you should ask. There are many contributing factors to suicide, both internal and external. Many people worry that by asking about suicide, even bringing the topic up, they may plant the idea. The opposite is true.

Asking directly and talking about suicide, using the word, helps to reduce stigma and eliminate shame, both of which are healthy and protective factors. These challenging conversations also may provide opportunity for change and access to support or services the person may not have yet considered.

Amelia Lehto, advisory board member to Kevin’s Song, and Amanda Stein, LMSW-Clinical, serve as co-facilitators to Kevin’s Song Suicide Loss Support Group. Visit kevinssong.org for more information.

The Family Center provides free programs and resources that empower families to successfully navigate life’s social, emotional and physical challenges. Learn more at familycenterweb.org.